Religion focuses on differences, and ignores the universal commons
This page exposes the spiritual bankruptcy of institutional religion, which has traded love for power and peace for division. Though born from humanity’s thirst for peace, religion has been hijacked by elites who manipulate devotion and manufacture conflict. The scriptures of every tradition speak of peace—Om Shanti, “Peace be with you,” Ahimsa, and compassion—but these have been drowned in the hemlock of hate. The true enemy is not other faiths, but the consumerist culture that religions have failed to confront. The time has come to reclaim the universal commons of love, dignity, and spiritual truth. The Divine Feminine calls us to transcend dogma and rediscover the Spirit within all. Peace begins when religion returns to its source: love.
"The TIME HAS COME to tell the truth. The truth is that peace is a blessing dreamt by religion and destroyed by the religious elite. Religion is born out of our thirst for peace: peace with God and, because of that, peace with the rest of creation. It is a thirst that can be assuaged only with the water of love: love especially for the enemy. For millennia, however, we have been made to drink the hemlock of hate in the name of the God of love. This was never the work of God, but of the self-appointed guardians and custodians of gods.God's benediction on the human family is peace. Islam, for instance, is literally the religion of peace. Om Shanti, Shanti, Shantihi is the emphatic Vedic blessing. Jesus greeted people with the gift of peace," Peace be with you.”The absolute emphasis on compassion and ahimsa in Buddhism and Jainism is the quintessence of peace. Human beings receive this gift of peace and turn it into a cult of cruelty for each other. The manipulation of devotion has been the foremost strategy in this context. Some human beings are religiously conditioned to behave unthinkingly. It is a great danger to mistake the will of the religious establishment for the will of God. This spiritual illiteracy is packaged as devotion. This explains why most people express their religious devotion by hating and hurting people of other faiths, and not by loving them. God's will is that we love one another, because we cannot in honesty love God if we do not love each other.
ALL WARS AND CONFLICTS have been fomented and fermented through a misuse of devotion. The pseudo-religious elite propagates and prostitutes the unique human faculty of devotion. All forms of nationalism — the most potent secular religion — have exploited the faculty of devotion most abominably. Nation is to nationalism what God is to conventional religions. In times of war, the distinction between patriotism and nationalism vanishes. As the violence spreads, the boundary blurs between loving one's country and hating the neighbouring country. People pray to their gods for victory over their enemies, being convinced that their enemies must also be the enemies of their gods. At the same time, the scriptures say that all are God's children, equally. It must be difficult being God, because God does not practise partiality and yet has to heed and obey the partisan entreaties of both parties!
Religions have forfeited the right to preach peace by rejecting peace among themselves. This has happened as a result of losing the ability to live with differences. Religions differ from each other, especially in terms of customs and practices. It is in the nature of love to acknowledge and transcend differences. Religions preach love, but they have seldom practised this kind of love. Instead, they have conditioned their followers in the art of hating, even as they preached love. What drives the religious elite is not a culture of love, but one of organized vested interests. The first step towards peace is to call the bluff on this universal hypocrisy.
The conclusion is that religion as we practise it today is a catalyst of war, not of peace. This is because of the divorce between religion and spirituality. The core of spirituality is the discipline of loving God and loving our neighbours. Spiritually, the quintessential human right is the right to love. Depraved religion has robbed us of this basic human right.
IN HISTORY, SECULAR leaders have done more to define and defend human rights as well as religious freedom than the preachers and keepers of religions. More often than not, religions have served to legitimize various forms of injustice, as in the case of the abhorrent caste system. Religious leaders have had far less respect than secular leaders for religious freedom. The most authentic proof that we are committed to religious freedom is the willingness to respect and safeguard the religious freedom of those who do not belong to our own religious fold.
Although love is assumed to be the archetypal religious paradigm, in fact it is power that has driven the chariot of religions. This is most evident from the attitudes of the religious elite in every religion. Though religions differ from each other in their specifics, the religious elites share a common agenda. Though they insist on the incompatibility of religions, they have identical views and goals. It is because they are so similar to each other that their followers fight in order to perpetuate a spurious aura of difference. But the real enemy of religion is the consumerist-materialistic culture. Hardly any religion is engaged in combating it. Instead, religions themselves are becoming increasingly consumerist.
The key to the healing of religions, which is a prerequisite for peace, is that the people should refuse to accept the hypocrisy of the religious elite, who, very often, treat them badly. An example of this is the apathy of the religious establishment for the development of its community. In India this is most pronounced in the case of the Muslim community. The Muslim leaders should have to explain why so many of their followers are illiterate and underdeveloped today. Quality of life in this world should not have to be sacrificed for the sake of some hypothetical compensation in the world to come.
Wherever people have been empowered to attain quality of life they have preferred peace. As long as the worth of human life is compromised through crass poverty it has been possible to whip up mass frenzy for war and lead the poor into battle. Poverty and peacelessness go together: it is hypocritical to pray for peace without waging war on poverty, illiteracy and underdevelopment. Poverty degrades individuals and robs them of dignity and worth. It is easy to drug people in such a state with the opium of spurious patriotism and make them offer their lives to the gory gods of war. The rich, who value their lives, are rarely persuaded to die for their country, though they are the loudest in recommending suicidal patriotism to the poor. The religious elite, too, romanticizes poverty while it wallows in luxury.
THE BASIC PEACE AGENDA has to be the reformation and spiritual revitalization of all religions. The first step to peace and human rights is the establishment of peace between religions. Religions need to be rescued from their present framework of conflictive relationship and relocated in a paradigm of mutual co-operation. The second step is the acknowledgement of the equal value of every human being, no matter what religions people profess. The third step is the restoration of the lost balance between faith and reason in religions, and a vigorous critique of the idea of religious devotion. The fourth step is an uncompromising commitment to social and ethical development. Such development holds the key to the appropriation of the full worth of every human being. The fifth step is the democratization of all religious establishments and the exposure of the hypocrisies that flourish within them. Religion must become a domain of truth and justice. Until this happens, religions will preach peace and wage war at the same time.”
Religion focuses on differences, and ignores the universal commons
The Hindu, December 2001
Religion, Division, and the Quest for a Universal Divine in the 21st Century
Table of Contents
Abstract
The 21st century is characterized by deep divisions and conflicts, many of which are fueled by religious differences. This paper argues that institutionalized religions have often focused on doctrinal particularism, ignoring the universal spiritual commons that unite humanity. This focus on difference has contributed to a global landscape of conflict, social fragmentation, and existential anxiety. Drawing upon the Perennial Philosophy and insights from contemporary research, this paper explores the societal impacts of religious division and proposes a theoretical framework for a universal divine concept. Such a framework, it is argued, is not intended to replace existing religions but to provide a meta-narrative that can foster interfaith understanding, promote social cohesion, and address the shared challenges facing humanity.
1. Introduction
The paradox of religion in the 21st century is that while it remains a powerful source of meaning and comfort for billions, it is also a significant driver of conflict and division. From the persecution of the Rohingya in Myanmar to the rise of religious nationalism in India, the fault lines of faith have become increasingly prominent in our interconnected world. This paper contends that the root of this problem lies in the tendency of institutionalized religions to emphasize doctrinal differences over shared spiritual experiences.
This paper will explore the societal consequences of this religious particularism, drawing upon data from the Pew Research Center and case studies from around the world. It will then turn to the Perennial Philosophy as a potential foundation for a more universalistic understanding of spirituality. Finally, it will propose a theoretical framework for a universal divine concept, arguing that such a framework is essential for fostering the global cooperation needed to address the complex challenges of our time.
2. The Crisis of Religious Particularism in the 21st Century
The 21st century has witnessed a disturbing rise in religious restrictions and hostilities. According to the Pew Research Center, government restrictions on religion reached a new peak in 2021, with 183 countries reporting harassment of religious groups [2]. This represents 92% of all countries analyzed, marking the highest level since tracking began in 2007.
Region | Countries with Government Harassment (%) | Key Patterns |
---|---|---|
Middle East-North Africa | 100% (20/20) | Systematic persecution of minorities |
Europe | 96% (43/45) | Restrictions on religious dress, symbols |
Americas | 94% (33/35) | Political targeting of religious groups |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 92% (44/48) | Ethnic-religious conflicts |
Asia-Pacific | 86% (43/50) | Religious nationalism, minority persecution |
2.1. The Societal Costs of Religious Division
The societal costs of religious division are immense and multifaceted. Research demonstrates that religious conflicts impose severe economic, social, and human costs on affected societies [3]:
- Economic Costs: Religious conflict disrupts economic activity, deters investment, and destroys infrastructure. Studies have shown that religious violence can reduce GDP growth by 2-3% in affected regions, with long-term impacts on development [4].
- Social Costs: Religious division erodes social trust, promotes segregation, and undermines social cohesion. This leads to residential segregation, reduced inter-community cooperation, and breakdown of civil society institutions [5].
- Human Costs: The most tragic cost of religious division is the loss of human life and immense suffering caused by violence, persecution, and displacement. The Rohingya crisis exemplifies this, with over 700,000 people forced to flee their homes since 2017 [6].
2.2. Case Study: The Russia-Ukraine Conflict
The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine provides a compelling case study of how religious particularism can exacerbate geopolitical tensions. The conflict has been described as "the first religious war in the 21st century," with the Russian Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine on opposing sides [7]. This religious dimension has intensified the conflict through three key mechanisms:
- Intensification: Religious involvement makes conflicts more intense due to eschatological visions and spiritual territorial claims
- Human Security: Religious communities become primary providers of humanitarian aid, influencing population loyalty
- Institutional Division: The conflict threatens to create a new branch of Christianity, further fragmenting the Orthodox world
Key Insights
Religious conflicts in the 21st century are characterized by their intensity and global reach. When religion becomes involved in conflicts, wars become more intense due to religious passions and eschatological visions that frame struggles in terms of ultimate meaning and cosmic significance. This pattern is evident from Myanmar to Nigeria, from India to Eastern Europe [8].
3. The Perennial Philosophy: A Foundation for Universalism
In the face of this crisis of religious particularism, the Perennial Philosophy offers a powerful alternative. This school of thought, which has roots in both Eastern and Western traditions, posits that a single, universal truth lies at the heart of all major religions [9]. As Aldous Huxley articulates:
The Perennial Philosophy suggests that differences between religions are largely superficial, pertaining to outward forms of ritual, doctrine, and social organization. The core of all religions, however, is a shared mystical experience of the divine, a direct and intuitive apprehension of ultimate reality. This perspective finds support in contemporary research on mystical experiences across cultures, which demonstrates remarkable consistency in reported phenomena regardless of religious background [11].
4. A Theoretical Framework for a Universal Divine
Building upon the foundation of the Perennial Philosophy, we can construct a theoretical framework for a universal divine concept relevant to 21st century challenges. This framework serves not as a new religion, but as a conceptual tool for fostering interfaith understanding and promoting inclusive global spirituality.
4.1. The Metaphor of the Mountain
A useful metaphor for understanding the relationship between the universal divine and world religions is that of a mountain with many paths leading to its summit. The summit represents the universal divine—ultimate reality—while different paths represent world religions. Each path is unique, with its own terrain, challenges, and vistas, yet all ultimately lead to the same destination.
This metaphor yields several crucial implications:
- No single path constitutes the "one true way." All paths possess validity, each offering something valuable to sincere seekers.
- The goal is not conversion but mutual support. We can learn from and be enriched by experiences of those on different paths.
- Higher ascent brings convergence. As we approach the summit, path differences become less important, and shared vision of ultimate reality becomes more apparent.
4.2. The Role of Science and Psychology
A contemporary framework for universal divine concepts must engage with findings from modern science and psychology. Quantum physics reveals the interconnectedness of all existence, resonating with mystical intuitions of universal unity. Similarly, transpersonal psychology has documented the prevalence of mystical experiences across cultures, providing empirical support for universal spiritual dimensions of human consciousness [12].
5. Case Studies in Religious Division
5.1. Myanmar: The Rohingya Crisis
The persecution of the Rohingya Muslim minority by Myanmar's Buddhist majority exemplifies how religious differences can be weaponized for political control. Since 2017, systematic violence has displaced over 700,000 people, with the crisis characterized by complete destruction of social fabric in Rakhine State [13]. The conflict demonstrates how religious identity becomes a tool for exclusion and dehumanization.
5.2. Nigeria: Boko Haram and Religious Extremism
The Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria illustrates how religious extremism can devastate entire regions. Since 2009, the conflict has resulted in over 35,000 deaths, displaced 2.6 million people, and destroyed over 1,500 schools [14]. The systematic targeting of education creates what researchers term an "education emergency," undermining the foundations of civil society.
5.3. India: Hindu-Muslim Violence
Recurring communal violence between Hindu and Muslim communities in India demonstrates the economic costs of religious division. Research shows that religious violence reduces regional GDP growth by 2-3%, creates long-term investment deterrence, and promotes economic segregation along religious lines [15]. The pattern reveals how religious polarization becomes self-reinforcing through economic mechanisms.
6. Conclusion: Towards a Global Spirituality
The challenges of the 21st century demand a fundamental transformation in how we approach religion and spirituality. The evidence presented demonstrates that religious particularism imposes enormous costs on human societies—economic, social, and humanitarian. The old models of religious exclusion are not merely morally questionable; they are practically unsustainable in our interconnected world.
The path forward requires embracing what the original source material calls the "universal commons" of human spirituality. This means recognizing that beneath the surface differences of doctrine and ritual lies a shared human capacity for transcendent experience, ethical behavior, and spiritual growth. The Perennial Philosophy provides a philosophical foundation for this recognition, while contemporary research in psychology and neuroscience offers empirical support.
This transformation will not be easy. It requires willingness to challenge deeply held beliefs and engage in open dialogue with those of different faiths. It demands that religious leaders prioritize the universal human good over institutional interests. Most importantly, it requires recognition that our shared challenges—climate change, inequality, technological disruption—can only be addressed through unprecedented global cooperation.
The future of our species may well depend on our ability to find the divine that unites us, rather than the dogmas that divide us. The choice is ours: continue down the path of religious particularism toward increasing conflict and fragmentation, or embrace a universal spirituality that recognizes the sacred in all traditions and the divine potential in all humanity.
References
- Adishakti.org. (2001). Religion focuses on differences, and ignores the universal commons. The Hindu. Available online. ↩↩
- Pew Research Center. (2024). Globally, Government Restrictions on Religion Reached Peak Levels in 2021, While Social Hostilities Went Down. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Available online. ↩
- Pew Research Center. (2019). How Religious Restrictions Have Risen Around the World. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Available online. ↩
- Mitra, A., & Ray, D. (2014). Implications of an economic theory of conflict: Hindu-Muslim violence in India. Journal of Political Economy, 122(4), 719-765. Available online. ↩
- Thomas, A., & Sergenti, E. J. (2010). Economic growth and ethnic violence: An empirical investigation of Hindu–Muslim riots in India. Journal of Peace Research, 47(5), 589-600. Available online. ↩
- Human Rights Watch. (2022). Myanmar: No Justice, No Freedom for Rohingya 5 Years On. New York: Human Rights Watch. Available online. ↩
- Leustean, L. N. (2022). Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: The First Religious War in the 21st Century. Religion and Global Society, London School of Economics. Available online. ↩
- Voll, J. O. (2015). Boko Haram: Religion and violence in the 21st century. Religions, 6(4), 1182-1202. Available online. ↩
- Wikipedia. (2024). Perennial philosophy. Wikimedia Foundation. Available online. ↩
- Huxley, A. (1945). The Perennial Philosophy. New York: Harper & Brothers. Referenced via Wikipedia. Available online. ↩
- University Times. (2019). How Modern Spirituality Transcends Social Boundaries. Trinity College Dublin. Available online. ↩
- Ferrer, J. N. (2000). The perennial philosophy revisited. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 32(1), 7-30. Available online. ↩
- Council on Foreign Relations. (2024). What Forces Are Fueling Myanmar's Rohingya Crisis? New York: CFR. Available online. ↩
- Adeboye, A. O., et al. (2021). Addressing the Boko Haram-Induced Mental Health Crisis in Nigeria. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. Available online. ↩
- Quartz India. (2018). Why India's economic growth hasn't deterred religious rioting. Available online. ↩
- Religious Freedom & Business Foundation. (2024). Economic Growth Slowed by Decline in Religious Freedom. Available online.
- World Economic Forum. (2014). The link between economic and religious freedoms. Geneva: WEF. Available online.
- Dialogue Institute. (2024). The Significance of Interfaith Dialogue in the Contemporary World. Available online.
- Stimson Center. (2021). Violence Based on Religion or Belief: Taking Action at the United Nations. Washington, DC. Available online.
- Religions for Peace Australia. (2024). The Universal Beauty of God: Transcending Religions and Cultures. Available online.
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